Scarlet Letter and Crucible Letter

Patterson Surname Meaning and Origin

Patterson Surname Meaning and Origin The basic last name Pattersonâ most regularly began as aâ patronymic name meaning child of Patrick. The given name Patrick gets from the Roman name Patricius, which implied aristocrat in Latin, signifying an individual from the patrician class or Roman inherited nobility. In County Galway, Ireland, Patterson was a family name regularly taken by bearers of the Gaelic name à Caisã ­n, which means relative of Caisã ­nâ from the Gaelic casn,â or minimal wavy headed one. ​Surname Origin: English, Scottish, Irish Substitute Surname Spellings: Patrickson, Paterson, Patersen, Pattersen, Batterson Well known People James Patterson - American smash hit authorCarly Patterson - 2004 Olympic All-Around Gymnastics ChampionJohn Patterson - American maker who advanced the cutting edge money registerâ Family history Resources In the event that youre keen on interfacing with other people who share the Patterson family name or in finding out additional, the accompanying assets can help: Most Common U.S. Last names and Their Meanings: Smith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the a huge number of Americans donning one of these best 250 normal last names from the 2000 census?Patterson DNA Project: A yearly distribution gave under the authority of the Barnes Family Association. A few volumes are accessible with the expectation of complimentary survey from Internet Archive.Patterson Family Genealogy Forum: Search this famous parentage gathering for the Patterson last name to discover other people who may be investigating your progenitors, or pose your own inquiry about your Patterson ancestors.FamilySearch: Discover chronicled records and heredity connected family trees posted for the Patterson last name and its variations.Patterson Surname and Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb has a few free mailing records for analysts of the Patterson family name. Sources Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Word reference of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Dos and Donts of B2B Marketing

Do’s and Don’ts of B2B Marketing The emergence of B2B marketing as the prevailing attitude of e-commerce today has influenced all that has a part in the market. From purchasing materials to their processing towards specific products, placement on the market, purchase systems and distribution to consumers; as well as service development through training and qualification courses within e-learning systems which have also entered content marketing domains businesses implement inbound techniques to optimize their productivity whether in relation to each other or towards the consumers. © Shutterstock.com | designer491Business-to-business marketing has begun to implement new content-based strategies and channels in relations between providers and buyers in the past few years. Studies show that these tendencies are going to grow in the following years. We have, hence, decided to provide basic introduction to how B2B marketing works and pointed out the differentiation points in reference to business-to-customer marketing as well as incorporated a list of advisable and avoidable strategies for B2B marketers. Read through sections 1) Introduction to B2B Marketing; 2) B2B Marketing Do’s and 3) B2B Marketing Don’ts and acquire valuable insights regarding the matter.INTRODUCTION TO B2B MARKETINGBusiness-to-business or B2B marketing is the management of the whole of processes in commerce between business entities with the end goal of providing according to consumer demand. In other words, the final objective of B2B marketing is to secure adequate transformation of mate rials into products, as well as their storage and distribution, in order to be placed on the market and generate revenue.When the B2B marketing discipline emerged in the early 1990s, its approaches were frequently identified with the techniques used in customer marketing. However, in the past fifteen years, its strategies diversified according to necessities of specific processes in the discipline. New tendencies towards content marketing and engagement, as well as documentation of strategies, are showing significant growth in B2B marketing.Here are some up-to-date statistics on content management in B2B marketing:70% of B2B marketing enterprises are increasing content amounts through social media (especially LinkedIn and Twitter), articles on websites, eNewsletters, blogs, in-person events, case studies, videos, webcasts and webinars, infographics, etc.35% of B2B marketing enterprises implement documentation of content strategies and report high-efficiency.Organizational goals of B 2B enterprises for the following year are raising brand awareness (84% of enterprises), generating leads (83%), inducing engagement (81%), increasing sales (75%) and nurturing leads (74%).55% of B2B enterprises intend to increase budgets or content marketing in 2015.The detrimental features of business-to-business marketing are those related to the amount of customers in relation to providers and those of financial nature â€" significantly larger amounts of money are in play in the B2B market than is the case with general consumer market. These properties affect differences in business marketing management which will be discussed later in the text.[slideshare id=26704085doc=b2bresearch2014cmi-130930124820-phpapp01]Decision Matrix in B2B MarketingBusiness to business marketing process involves complex decision-making units (DMU) due to different low/high business risk and low/high financial value relations. These relations change with reference to different target audiences (DMU’s of the potential buyer/seller) and involve specific DMUs accordingly: purchase, technical and legal with varying levels of expertise. This is necessary in order to optimize communication and end results of collaboration.B2B and B2C Marketing Comparison B2B product presentation is usually more complexWhile consumer products frequently target appeal and usefulness on a superficial level, B2B products require profound technical expertise in the field of a potential purchase. A buyer in B2B interaction is not interested in the appearance of the product as much as in specifications in its production, features and functionality, as well as the post sales, support management and issue resolution strategies of the seller.Consequently, the potential continuous large-scale relationship in B2B greatly depends on the (mostly technically focused) ability and expertise of salespeople to provide sufficient amount of valuable data. B2B has lower number of buyers but longer-terms buyersThe B2B marke t is comprised out of roughly 80% of providers in relation to a mere 20% of buyers. In addition to this ratio, the number of buyers is significantly lower than in B2C market. Moreover, the financial revenue from particular customers is higher as is the differentiation in the value of key accounts and other customers for a business.Further on, customers in the B2B market require stronger post-sales support and are likely to opt for a long-term relationship with their providers because of the specific nature of products and services acquired. B2B are more rationalRational management is one of the essential approaches undertaken in B2B marketing. Marketers choose comprehensive strategies to create cohesive brands without too much sub-categorization in order to clearly provide according to their customers’ demand. Proper research and implementation of findings, as well as quality products/services, are something B2B enterprises incorporate vigorously because their customers are more p erceptive and circumspect. B2B has fewer behavioral and needs-based segmentsDue to the smaller amounts of customers as well as, the lesser differentiation between target audience’s particular needs, B2B enterprises have fewer segments of customers and are divided on more of technical than behavioral basis. Frequent segmentation in B2B marketing includes focusing on price, focus on brand and quality, service focus and focus on partnership audiences. These segments are managed according to their characteristics but also based on the strategic importance of the buyer for the enterprise. B2B has higher importance of relationshipB2B marketers must exploit the benefits of customer engagement management strategies in order to ensure retention of key accounts: personalized approach in B2B takes form of a partnership (in addition to timely supply of required products, buyers are looking for stockholders, technical consultants, long-term support and other valuable services which will differ entiate their supplier from competition).As a consequence of the necessity of building a solid relationship with customers, B2B marketing gravitates to sales and technical support as means of promotion more than anything else. In-person meetings and trade shows are what is most invested in when cultivation of relations is in question. B2B drives less innovationIn opposition to risk taking tendencies in innovation of B2C marketing which are caused by the growing need for differentiation, B2B marketers are all in a somewhat similar situation (being recklessly innovative would be unproductive) and build innovation from quality research and collected information on trends which have been established upstream so as to create a sustainable market.[cp_modal id=cp_id_75506] [/cp_modal]B2B MARKETING DO’SDo Prioritize Measurable ObjectivesRather than focusing solely on diagnostics such as database size or lead scores, you should use them as means of objective measurement of activity and potential conversion through stages of customer lifecycle. This way you will be able to have qualitative and quantitative results in reference to the market. Consequently, you will be able to prioritize your objectives of measurement depending on your current state. For example, if you are attracting a lot of prospects, you will focus on qualifying their receptiveness for potential conversion, nurturing their engagement through expert content presentation (within your industry) and acquisition of new ones.Do Articulate your Business in a Customer-focused WayRelationship construction is crucial for successful B2B marketing management so you should implement an outside-in perspective when structuring your campaigns. The holy grail of marketing is being able to articulate o ffers to customers not as sales but as means to reach their preferred ends (because a customer essentially does not want a drill, they want a hole). An outside-in perspective, i.e. examination of your target audience will provide insights on what to focus on. However, incorporate these insights into something your visions because brands satisfy customer’s desires but are autonomous at the in the process.Do Target your Customer SegmentationProper allocation of investment (of time, money and personnel), as well as the efficiency of your overall marketing endeavors, depends on the determination of segment characteristics in your target customers. Such results are obtained by data collection, analysis as well as interaction. The more informed you are of your potential buyers, the more you will be able to answer their particular needs.Do Perform Content MarketingIn order to make your customer more knowledgeable about your business and its products as well as services that accompany it (post-sales support, technical consultation, etc.) you should implement content marketing strategies. Identify and align content with regard to all of the stages of the customer journey and present it through the implementation of effective tactics â€" such as social media, in-person communication, blogs, newsletters and a variety of others.Content marketing strategies introduce your business to prospects as well as general public and as such serve as an excellent technique for branding a company and expanding its clientele.Do Invest your Effort in Skill Development, Expansion and Retention of CustomersBuyers in the B2B market have more knowledge of the industry within their purchase necessities and a higher awareness of what their needs are (as opposing to the consumer market). In order to prevail in B2B market, you have to invest in personnel skills (especially sales and technical departments) and expansion of qualifications so your company could communicate with customers and del iver according to demand on a satisfactory level.Moreover, as there are fewer customers in the B2B market, it is essential to focus time and money on their retention. As we have mentioned above, B2B marketing aims at attracting long-term highly profitable accounts.Do Share your Knowledge and Even Some Trade Secrets with your B2B CustomersAs relations between a customer and the provider in B2B marketing resemble a partnership, it is advisable to let your prospects know what and how you are doing the things they require. Sharing some trade secrets will convince your customers of your expertise and competence. Presenting content (such as webinars, courses or ebooks) should be free because it builds the most positive relationship with prospects. Your target customers are not willing to perform these operations and processes by themselves, but they want to be well informed in matters of their investment (because these investments are significantly higher than in the B2C market).Examples of Successful B2B Marketing StrategyIncorporation of content and its channels into B2B marketing strategies:Evernote is using e-mail and video marketing to promote and stimulate free trials of their services for other businesses. The campaign comprises out of e-mail recommendation for ‘how-to’ videos on their landing pages with specific features according to the type of business they are targeting.Hubspot launches consecutive e-mail and landing pages campaigns through which they promote free content in forms of e-books and webinars. They are providing insightful knowledge in their field and are thus building engagement towards their business among potential customers.Nokia Solutions and Network Users established a PowerPoint database on Slideshare where they share knowledge and expertise with customers. It is a way of proving authority as well as involvement with target audiences.Petrofac, which is an oil industry company, offers case studies for raising understanding of their a rea of expertise based on the type of service or project a prospect might be interested in. In this way, they are informing prospects but also presenting themselves as expert potential business collaborators.Simply Business have created diverse guides for Google+, social media management and other forms used for marketing optimization. They target their content to small businesses and in doing so promote their services of business insurance.B2B MARKETING DON’TSDont Rush with your B2B CustomersCreating an instantaneous network of customers is not only virtually impossible nowadays but it is also not sustainable if there is no substance in your business. Instead of chasing buyers, take time and focus on building a comprehensive union of expertise, skilled employees and targeted marketing strategies for diverse stages of customer lifecycle which will be based on thorough examination and analysis of the current market. Form a brand and the customers will come. In order to do so, consu lt with experienced brand experts so as to invest the adequate amount of time, money and effort in all of your processes.Simultaneously begin customer engagement processes and create a solid audience base that can be nurtured into customers.Dont Pretend you Have Products you Cannot OfferDo not employ traditional tactics such as deceiving prospect regarding the products or services you offer. Bear in mind that amount of customers is not endless; if you prove to be a fraud (in any sense) you will lose not only your existing prospects, leads and customers but also the chance to bring in new ones (word of mouth travels fast).Dont Copy CompetitionThe quality of service and expertise, as well as the realization of projects, is what differentiate you from competition. Claiming to have something better than your competition or copying their successful endeavours will most likely result in mediocre products and services as well as inconsistency in realization â€" in other words, it will brin g more trouble than profit.Dont Overdo MarketingSocial media in B2B marketing serves as a discussion platform not the presentation of useless information. Hence, your content marketing should promote your products and services but not advertize them â€" content must be built as niche-oriented and customer-focused. Form a comprehensive and all-encompassing marketing strategy with specific objectives every step of the way but make sure you are subtle and useful in your endeavors towards prospects.Dont Overdo with the DataWe have mentioned numerous times the importance of data analysis and documentation of strategies for B2B marketing. However, a massive amount of data which does not have applicable properties and actual value is completely useless. Determine which activities need to be monitored and documented and why. In other words, choose metrics that will be beneficial in the realization of your objectives. Do not collect data for its sake (it is time and finance consuming as well as utterly pointless).While quality and a holistic approach to the market is something highly advisable to entrepreneurs who interact with consumers as it ensures long-term profitability, in the business-to-business market, these properties are a necessity. It is practically impossible to become a brand without careful examination of the market and prospects. By analyzing these observations, you can determine the amounts and types of investment in certain stages of the customer journey and thus structuralize your campaigns in most productive manners. Distribution of content among your prospects will enhance acquisition process as well as attract new prospects and leads. The tools of inbound marketing will enable continuous monitoring of your existing customers and their behavioral patterns that will be beneficial for the establishment of perpetual relations. These relations will influence not only the longevity of your business but also its scope. Consequently, proper marketing man agement can maximize the possibilities of overall business management. 560 â€" Do’s and Donts of B2B Marketing

Genetically Modified Food in Canada Essay - 1511 Words

A trip to any supermarket in Canada will reveal nothing out of ordinary, just the usual of array of fresh and packaged goods displayed in an inviting manner to attract customers. Everything appear familiar and reassuring, right? Think again. A closer microscopic inspection discloses something novel, a fundamental revolution in food technology. The technology is genetic engineering (GE), also known as biotechnology. Blue prints (DNA) of agricultural crops are altered and â€Å"spliced† with foreign genes to produce transgenic crops. Foods harvested from these agricultural plants are called, genetically modified (GM). Presently, Canada has no consumer notification; GM foods are being slipped to Canada’s foods without any labels or adequate risk†¦show more content†¦There is an abundance of GM foods varieties in Canadian market: assortments of corns, soybeans, canola, potatoes and tomatoes. In addition about sixty percent of processed foods are laced with GM mate rials [2]. The driving factor behind plant biotechnology is â€Å"social constructionism†, in which â€Å"social values and institutional domains and their culture shape technology† [Goyder chapter 10]. Bioengineering companies might declare social needs as the motive behind pursuing this technology. In reality, these capitalist institutions possess the much needed economic surplus to invest serve their own desires. The social needs they â€Å"intend† to solve are: world food shortage, increase agricultural productivity, help the environment by eliminating pesticides, improve nutrition of foods. Opponents of biotechnology, scientists, consumer advocates, environmental protection agencies, do not buy this claim. According to them, these reasons are just the pretence to fulfil â€Å"...capitalist’s profit-making via the deployment of technology, [3 Goyder chapter 5]. Most crop developments so far has been â€Å"profit-driven rather than need driven† [4, ten re asons why biotechnology will not ensure food security]. In a capitalistic society, patent laws under constitution permits ownership of seeds, living organisms; genes. Patents permit company like Monsanto could monopolize seed’sShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Genetically Modified Foods1354 Words   |  6 PagesGMO’s Genetically Modified Foods is a new contervserasonal topic on the health on agricultural of the world. It is heavily debated for the reason that it can be seen as a health risk or a major advancement in Agriculture. One on hand, it can be used to increase production, as well has have foods that could be altered to be pest-resistant and greater nutritional values (WHAT ARE THEY). While on the other hand, many consider ‘Safety testing of whole foods is difficult. Generally assessment of ‘safety/toxicity’Read MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Foods1739 Words   |  7 Pagesfor mankind. I strongly agree. Genetically modified foods are defined as foods that are derived from organizations whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally. For instance, this occurs through the introduction of a gene from a different organism into the desired organism. Since 1995, approximately 85 genetically modified foods have been approved in Canada. These include genetically modified foods that have been grown in Canada and imported from various countriesRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )996 Words   |  4 PagesGenetically modified organisms (GMOs) are seeds that are genetically altered in a laboratory before being planted. Later on, they grow into genetically modified (GM) foods. Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) A GMO is a plant-based organism, such as seed. However, it has: Genes that are altered to act in a certain way that does not naturally happen OR Contains genes from another plant-based organism History Since 1994, about 85 GM foods have been approved for sale in Canada. This includes GM foodsRead MoreAre Genetically Modified Foods Safe and Nutritious? Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesAre Genetically Modified Foods Safe and Nutritious Genetically modified (GM) foods have taken over the traditional methods of farming by now being planted in over a quarter of the world’s farm land and it is essential that they are labeled for all consumers to see. These genetically modified foods have taken a toll on not only the environment, but human health as well. Those that agree with the genes of crops and other foods being spliced to create a more â€Å"beneficial† product for man state thatRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods ( Gm Foods )1203 Words   |  5 Pages Genetically modified food tendency in market during recent years Genetically modified foods (or GM foods) are foods produced from organisms that have had specific changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering. These techniques have allowed for the introduction of new traits as well as a far greater control over a food s genetic structure than previously afforded by methods such as selective breeding and mutation breeding (GM SCIENCE REVIEW first report P9). The termRead MoreLabeling For The Health Of Americans1601 Words   |  7 Pagespercent of food eaten in the United States contains GMOs, but not many people know what they are actually consuming from their food sources (Prah). Genetically modified organism, also known as genetically modified organisms engineered in a lab by scientists that alter the genes of plants and animals. By fixating DNA from other organisms into America’s food sources, they create substances that are detrimental to the health of human beings. In addition to this, these genetically m odified organismsRead MoreThe Ethics Of Genetically Modified Food1220 Words   |  5 Pagesproducing food for the population. One of these methods is genetically engineering food. Though genetically modified food is consumed by the majority of the American population, one must wonder, what are the ethics of it? How will it affect the consumer and the environment? Based on prior knowledge of this topic, I know that scientists change the genetic makeup of certain foods. I also know that different genes are inserted into different organisms. I imagine that the effects are genetically modifiedRead MoreEssay about Genetically Modified Foods Speech1295 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Genetically Modified Foods GENERAL GOAL: I want to inform my audience. SPECIFIC SPEECH GOAL: I would like to increase the audience’s knowledge of genetically modified foods, their history, and the controversy that it involves. THESIS STATEMENT: I want to inform my audience by explaining exactly what genetically modified foods are, as well as, there intended purpose, history, advantages, disadvantages and controversy surrounding them. Introduction I. Before you eat a meal or snack do youRead MoreEssay on GMO Labeling1697 Words   |  7 Pagestwo decades of the twentieth century, genetically modified organisms (often referred to as GMOs) have been getting mixed reviews from the public. Genetically modified consumer products (primarily food) have pushed the barriers of some peoples comfort levels. Born out of either a lack of knowledge or a sincere concern for public health or the environment, a consumer rights movement has been planted around the world pushing for labeling of genetically modified food products. This movement has maturedRead MoreTo An Anthropologist, Food Is The Basis To Social, Cultural1181 Words   |  5 Pagesanthropologist, food is the basis to social, cultural and biological life, and therefore of the utmost concern to most people (Leng, 2016) however, with the growing population, climate changes and lack of agricultural land we have had to switch our approach to food production. Genetically modified or engineered food has become a heated topic in the media for the past few years as there is not a clear decision on whether their benefits outweigh their concerns. Genetically modified food is a grey area

United States Fight for Freedom - 703 Words

The right of American freedom is most treasured because of past historical events which were highly significant leading up to America’s independence. The Boston Tea Party is considered to be one of the most significant events which led to the Revolutionary War. Some say if the Boston Tea Party had not happened, the Americans may not have made noteworthy historical data. Initially, the event of the Boston Tea Party only seemed inconsequential and rather rebellious, but it was actually the Americans first step towards having their own freedom. It all started with a group of determined colonist not wanting to pay taxes on goods and took action on three British tea ships. This act of defiance, and several key players, inadvertently lead to arguably the most significant act of America’s fight for freedom. During the 1760’s the British Parliament passed a series of acts designed to reduce the British national debt and to finance the costs of keeping regular soldiers o n the American frontier. The most notorious of these was the Stamp Act of 1765, which placed a tax on almost every public piece of paper in the colonies, including: newspapers, pamphlets, diplomas, licenses, packs of cards, almanacs, and dice.1 Initially, because the French and Indian War had lasted so long and was the most costly, the Parliament figured taxing the Americans would help decrease their debt. Little did they know that this would only anger the Americans, and ultimately lead to the revolution. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Movement and World War II1075 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to president Franklin D. Roosevelt the future world shout be a world that people have essential human freedoms also known as the four freedoms; freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. 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Tobacco took a great amount of work to harvest, but with the slaves help it all got completed. Slaves cost at least three more times than a regular servant for the reason that slavery was their life, it was their job. Regular servants finished their ‘slavery’ time in about 4 years. Slavery really got across the whole country as time passed, and in 1670 the crop, tobacco, tookRead MoreAmerica s Essential Documents Of America1644 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent depending on its history. The Un ited states of America has grown incredibly from its humble beginnings. We’re now one of the greatest superpowers in the world! But our society wasn’t just developed over night; when you look back in history you can find many points in time when someone or something impacted the growth of America. The growth of America has mainly been influenced by the knowledge of our rights, the fight for those rights and freedoms, and the desire to try and extend thoseRead MoreEssay on Fighting for Equality and Freedom1229 Words   |  5 Pagesarose in America’s freedom. The Declaration of Independence stated that â€Å"†¦all men are created equal.† However, the rights for the ‘White Man’ were significantly above all others, and because of this, women and black men lacked the same equality as the ‘White Man’. In WWII, women took up jobs previously held by men, while the African Americans attempted to join the military. They wanted t o assist in the war effort and help defend America to gain their freedom. This freedom for America meant toRead MoreAbolition Slavery And The United State Of America859 Words   |  4 Pages In the 1840s slavery become a big issue in the United State of America. Since passing the Louisiana Purchase, the United State start expanding their land. They took over the Indian Territory by forcing them to leave the country or to relocate in the different city. The expansion of the United State leads to decide some state should be a free slave. In the 1820s, they passed a low that request 36’30 parallel are decided to be a free state. Abolition slavery becomes a question In the American societyRead MoreAmerican606 Words   |  3 Pageshundreds of years the United States has been attracting immigrants from a variety of different countries, races, and religions to come live in a land full of freedom and opportunity. These people were looking for more than just rights and privileges. Their real desire was to become something that represents pride and honor, an American. Being an American means much more than living in the United States. Along with the name come a number o f different benefits such as, freedom of speech to expressRead MoreAfrican American And The American Revolution1277 Words   |  6 Pagesmen are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† The American Revolution is considered one of the greatest and most memorable eras in United States history. Colonist were under the rule of the British which eventually created a problem for them. They came to the realization that being under Great Britain was preventing them from exercising their rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happinessRead MoreRace and Politics in Rebecca Scott’s Degrees of Freedom: Louisiana and Cuba after Slavery640 Words   |  3 PagesRebecca Scott’s Degrees of Freedom: Louisiana and Cuba after Slavery is a story based on a nineteenth and twentieth century comparative history of two sugar- producing regions. While explaining this, Sc ott mostly focuses on the race and politics. The two places that Scott focuses on is the state of Louisiana in the United States, and the country of Cuba. Scott explains how Louisiana slaves are in a situation where they are trying to fight for freedom against the white Americans in order to gainRead MoreThe Thin Line Between Love And Hate Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pageswars with more in the future. For every war requires soldiers to fight for what they believe in. In most cases the soldiers are on a mission to fight the enemy for their country. Fighting is common between individuals because conflict is inevitable. It can try to be avoided, but as a nation, we can never eliminate it.The way to manage conflict and reduce the damage is less hate and more love. The overall goal of the soldiers is to fight for the interest of the country which is not peace but power. The

Sartre’s Criticisms on Human Essence in the Light of Aristotle’s Philosophy Free Essays

Our ability to engage in abstraction is, indubitably, a unique gift endowed to our human cognition. And the reason for such a telling contention is near to being self-evident: i. e. We will write a custom essay sample on Sartre’s Criticisms on Human Essence in the Light of Aristotle’s Philosophy or any similar topic only for you Order Now , only human persons have the ability to see through otherwise distinct and separate entities, a unifying concept that reveals these things’ common nature, if not their defining essence. To this end, it is necessary to point that our human intellect’s preponderance to abstracting the essences is another facet of human cognition. This is because knowing, akin to seeing, affords us an immediate grasp of reality’s nature and purpose; for by the mere experience of something, say a table, we almost instantly furnish ourselves with a working concept about the thing’s essence – i. e. , we ‘know’ what a table is, what is it for. Thus, it makes sense to say that abstracting essences form part and parcel of both the intuitive and inductive process of a person’s ability to know reality. Our understanding of the concept of essence draws chiefly from the scheme provided by the Greek metaphysics. And herein it would insightful to take cue from Aristotle’s ‘hylemorphic’ framework. According to Aristotle, anything that exists – say, a tree or a dog – is constituted of both an existence and an essence; i. e. , all things both have material and formal constitutions. On the one hand, existence pertains to the act of being, or the facticity of a thing. For example, that table is being actual right when one sees it. On the other hand, essence pertains to the nature of a certain thing. It is that which makes a thing to be what it is; an abstracted concept which makes us see the connection between the entities that we are perceiving (say, a table) and the other things (say, a classroom filled with tables) belonging to the same genre or species (Lavine 71). Essence thus defines the nature of a certain thing or describes the aspect proper to the same. If we proceed with this line of argumentation, we can go on to claim that one can apply the concept of essence to pertain to reality of human persons. From here, we can move to identify conspicuous aspects which may be deemed ‘proper to human persons’, so as to glean what we may call â€Å"human essence† – i. e. , that a person is an existing being, that he shows characteristic elements proper to animals, but that he possess a faculty of intellect and freewill proper to him and him alone. In the ultimate analysis, one can say that the essence defining a human person lies in framing him as a living creature that shares certain characteristic traits of animals, but is endowed nevertheless with the unique faculty of intellect and freewill. Key to this process, it must be argued, is describing the determinate aspects of his very existence. To be sure, we may still identify a good number of characteristic elements that could equally describe what it means to be human person. And surely, we cannot stop at construing fundamental animality and rationality as aspects that sufficiently capture the â€Å"whatness† of humanity; for the reasoned construction of human essences does not entail that we have completely circumscribed the total reality of human persons. That having said, Jean Paul Sartre believes that humanity has no fixed essence. In other words, he believes that humanity cannot be framed within the parameters of determinateness or the limits we impose by construing human essences. At the very least, Sartre contends that we cannot define the contours of what it means to be a person because our freedom determines the unique manner of our very existence. J. Sartre’s contention fundamentally draws from his concept of absolute human freedom. A thinker who belongs to the erstwhile group of philosophers known as Existentialists, Sartre’s philosophy puts higher premium than most on appreciating human existence as a concrete and perpetual striving for one’s own becoming (Marias 436). This means that, for Sartre, we as human persons must constantly appreciate the fact we exist, more than the fact that we have an essence to frame our subsequent courses of actions. Sartre believes that â€Å"we are necessarily free†, and that the burden of â€Å"making† our own human essence lies in the choices that we make (Marias 440). Put in layman’s terms, Sartre believes that our freedom is absolute, and that, even more importantly, the choices we make determine the kind of person that we are. In a way, Sartre reverses the logic of human essence – i. e. , human actions does not flow from one’s own essence; instead, human essence is molded by the actions that we as persons commit to doing. For such reason, and as mentioned earlier, Sartre believes that humanity has no fixed essence. And insofar as the concrete form of our human essence takes cue only from the activities which human persons do, Sartre rests his case on the plain assumption that one’s life cannot be placed within any restricting concepts of essence, for any reason whatsoever (Marias 440-441). There are reasons to think, however, that Sartre may have framed human freedom quite radically and that his wholesale denial of an identifiable human essence may have been taken quite drastically. To this end, strains of Aristotle’s philosophy may be helpful in shedding light into some of the oversights Sartre may have committed in denying the tenability of human essence on account of absolute freedom. Firstly, it may be insightful to be reminded of the fact that Aristotle understands human essence as an aspect of life that does not effectively restrict human capacity to determine one’s path according to the sets of actions a person may willingly opt for. Human essence merely speaks of the kind or quality of existence which is construable from and identifiable in a certain thing (Lavine 71). It merely serves to help man appreciate what kind of creature he is by way of categories and definitions. Conversely, the concept of human essence does not, in any whatsoever, imply an absolute determination of human reality according to these set of classification or categorization. An example may help further situate the conundrum: when someone thinks of man as essentially a spiritual being – i. e. , the capacity for spiritual relations with God belongs properly to the characteristic trait of humanity – one does not rule out the possibility of not believing in God all together. Instead, one merely makes a statement about the humanity’s general preponderance to worshipping a deity, notwithstanding personal choice to dissent. The same goes true for human essence. Sartre thinks that humanity has not a fixed essence on account of a human freedom that determines a resulting human nature. Unfortunately for Sartre, human essence and human freedom are not mutually exclusive. In fact, a person’s freedom is only affirmed, if not accentuated by the fact that the human essence is defined by a tacit acknowledgement of man’s of basic rationality and capacity for freewill. Secondly, Sartre’s contention that human persons have no fixed essence is certainly difficult to argue precisely because human freedom is really not absolute and that humanity’s basic essence does not depend on human choice but on what nature has fundamentally given. Two aspects come into play with in this particular rebuttal. In the first place, Sartre may have taken human freedom quite radically in arguing that it our capacity to determine ourselves must be taken in absolute terms – i. e. , we can do whatever we wish; besides, we are the ones determining our resulting essence in the process. This, unfortunately, is untenable. For instance, if I, born as a human person, were to choose living like a dog, I would probably find certain dog-like activities incongruent with my natural bodily processes. I would find it difficult to bark, let alone walk in a four-legged manner; as these are not consistent with how was I born and raised. The point in contention here lies in arguing that human freedom, contrary to Sartre’s arguments, cannot be taken as an absolute determinant of human nature. On the contrary one may find it difficult to deliberately deviate from the demands of our basic human essence. Such difficulty should bring us more into an appreciation of our human nature not really as an aspect dependent on human choice, but an aspect that is made perfect by the choices that we make. Herein Aristotle’s teleological philosophy appears to take shape. According to Aristotle, essence precedes actions, or essence precedes existence; and that the perfection of all actions comes when they fulfill the essence in question (Marias 74). For instance, when a person uses critical thinking before making a judgment, such an act can be considered as a perfection of the man’s nature as a rational entity. The point in contention here lies in arguing that we cannot really do away with human nature. On the contrary, our actions must run consistent with it; for only when we act according to our nature can our actions be perfected according to our essence. By way of conclusion, I wish to end with a thought that dismisses Sartre’s contention – i. . , that humanity cannot find a common essence proper to himself and himself alone – on account of its patent inability to take into account the true state of human affairs. In the discussions that were developed, it was learned that Sartre’s refutation of human essence stems from his belief that human freedom is absolute, and that human persons are the ones molding their respective essences. However, there are surely good reasons to think that this p hilosophical stances does not hold water. First, it has been argued that the concept of human essence does not in any way defeat the reality of human freedom. Human nature and human freedom, it was argued, are not mutually exclusive. Second, Sartre appears to have neglected the fact that human freedom cannot be equated with the capacity to do what one wishes, regardless of what nature has already given. There is no such thing as an absolute freedom. And in the final analysis, we have to admit that we are bound by a certain essence, no matter how hard try to deviate from it. How to cite Sartre’s Criticisms on Human Essence in the Light of Aristotle’s Philosophy, Papers

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Feeling for swollen lymph nodes is an example of auscultation. True False 2. We can see through bones with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). True False 3. Histology is the study of structures that can be observed without a magnifying lens. True False 4. Cells were first named by microscopist Robert Hooke. True False 5. All functions of the body can be interpreted as the effects of cellular activity. True False 6. The hypothetico-deductive method is common in physiology, whereas the inductive method is common in anatomy. True False 7. An individual scientific fact has more information than a theory. True False 8. Evolutionary (darwinian) medicine traces some of our diseases to our evolutionary past. True False 9. The terms development and evolution have the same meaning in physiology. True False 10. Organs are made of tissues. True False 11. A molecule of water is more complex than a mitochondrion (organelle). True False 12. Homeostasis and occupying space are both unique characteristics of living things. We will write a custom essay sample on Test Bank or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page True False 13. Positive feedback helps to restore normal function when one of the bodys physiological variables gets out of balance. Negative feedback is a self-amplifying chain of events that tend to produce rapid change in the body. True False 15. Anatomists over the world adhere to a lexicon of standard international terms, which stipulates both Latin names and accepted English equivalents. Test Bank free essay sample Using a steel framework with masonry sheathing, the ________, designed by Louis Sullivan, is thought by many to be the first genuinely modern building. a. Wainwright Building b. Eiffel Tower c. Crystal Palace d. Lever House e. Chrysler Building 2. Two factors that decide the success of any structural system are a. weight and tensile strength. b. the placement of its dome and its pendentives. c. the linear ratio of foundation to wall and wall to roof. d. the tension and compression of each buttress. e. None of these answers is correct. 3. Stacking and piling is another term for . post-and-lintel. b. arch and vault. c. load-bearing construction. d. the mending of stone fences. e. None of these answers is correct. 4. The Langston Hughes Library was designed by a. Le Corbusier. b. I. M. Pei. c. Frank Gehry. d. Maya Lin. e. Frank Lloyd Wright. 5. The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles are known as the a. We will write a custom essay sample on Test Bank or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page International style. b. shell system. c. hypostyle. d. Gothic architecture. e. Greek orders. 6. The Byodo-in Temple in Kyoto, Japan, is an elegant example of a. the International style. b. postmodern architecture. c. the Neoclassical style. d. Gothic architecture. e. post-and-lintel architecture. 7. The ability of a material to span horizontal distances with a minimum of support is called a. vaulting. b. tensile strength. c. tension. d. buttressing. e. compression. 8. Built almost 2000 years ago, the ________ is an enduring testament to the Roman use of the arch. a. Pont du Gard at Nimes b. Hagia Sophia c. Reims Cathedral d. Acropolis in Athens e. None of these answers is correct. 9. Built for the World’s Fair in 1889, the ________ was an early experiment in iron construction. a. Wainwright Building b. Crystal Palace c. Eiffel Tower d. Lever House e. Chrysler Building 10. ________ is most famous for his design of the geodesic dome. . Thomas Jefferson b. Anthemius of Tralles c. Joseph Paxton d. Louis Sullivan e. R. Buckminster Fuller 11. The International style emphasizes a. clean lines. b. geometric form. c. avoidance of superficial decoration. d. all of these: clean lines, geometric form, and avoidance of superficial decoration. e. None of these answers is correct. 12. T he following is NOT true about art museum architecture. a. John Russell Pope’s neoclassical National Gallery harmonizes with the other buildings on the Washington, D. C. mall. b. Zaha Hadid’s Rosenthal Center for Contemporary Art has two highly contrasting facades. c. Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is clad in titanium. d. John Russell Pope’s National Gallery was initially praised for its innovative style. e. Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum Bilbao design required an aerospace-design computer program. 13. Fallingwater (the Kaufmann House in Bear Run, Pennsylvania) is a prime example of the â€Å"organic† architecture of a. Frank Lloyd Wright. b. Le Corbusier. c. Frank Gehry. d. I. M. Pei. e. John Russell Pope. 14. A ________ is a horizontal form supported at only one end. a. cornice b. keystone c. pendentive d. flying buttress e. cantilever 15. ________ rotated 360 degrees on its axis is called a dome. . A pier b. An arch c. A capital d. A portico e. A vault 16. When a large hall is built using post-and-lintel construction methods, the resulting â€Å"virtual forest of columns† is called a a. nave. b. barrel vault. c. hypostyle hall. d. groin vault. e. portico. 17. The two basic families of structural syste ms in architecture are a. the Postmodern and Classical. b. the pier and cantilever. c. the shell and the skeleton-and-skin. d. the Romanesque and the Greek. e. the Modern and Postmodern. 18. The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles of columns were developed by the Greeks in the ________ centuries B. C. E. , respectively. a. 10th, 9th, and 8th b. 7th, 6th, and 4th c. 3rd, 2nd, and 1st d. 5th, 2nd, and 1st e. 5th, 3rd, and 1st 19. According to the author, a ________ is actually an arch extended in depth, as if there are â€Å"many arches placed flush one behind the other. † a. buttress b. pediment c. volute d. barrel vault e. pier 20. Builders of Gothic cathedrals reinforced the walls of their architecture from the outside with a. piers. b. Corinthian columns. c. flying buttresses. d. groin vaults. e. both piers and flying buttresses. References Holsapple, Clyde W., et al. Instructor’s manual with test bank to accompany decision support systems: a knowledge-based approach. West Publishing, 1996. Frenkel, Gerald, et al. Test Bank for Nelson and Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. Worth Publishers, 2000. Campbell, Neil A., et al. Test Bank for Biology: Concepts Connections. Benjamin/Cummings, 1994. Seligman, Linda, and Diana S. Gibb. Test Bank and Videotape Handbook to Accompany Systems, Strategies, and Skills of Counseling and Psychotherapy. Merrill/Prentice Hall, 2001. Williams, Eleanor R., and Caliendo Mary Alice. Test bank to accompany Nutrition: principles, issues, and applications. McGraw-Hill, 1984. Pride, William M., and Odies Collins Ferrell. Marketing, basic concepts and decisions: Test bank. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH), 1980. Ormrod, Jeanne Ellis. Educational psychology: Developing learners. Pearson Higher Ed, 2013. Shengquan, Yu, and He Kekang. Design and Realization of the Network Test Bank System [J]. CHINA DISTANCE EDUCATION 9 (2000): 017. White, Stuart C., and Michael J. Pharoah. Oral radiology: principles and interpretation. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014.